Indlela Izikhongozeli Ezigoqekayo Ezinciphisa Ngayo Iindleko Zokubuyisa Ezingenanto Kwi-Cross-Border Logistics

Makhe ndikuxelele ngefowuni eyandenza ndaqiniseka ukuba izikhongozeli ezigoqekayo zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekupakisheni iimoto kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo. Kwakungowama-2021, kwaye umthengisi weTier 1 eQueretaro, eMexico wayesebenzisa izikhongozeli eziqinileyo ezili-120 ezibuyiselwayo ngosuku ukusuka kwisityalo sakhe kufutshane nomda wase-US ukuya kumthengi wakhe eDetroit. Babehlawula i-$3.80 ngesikhongozeli ngasinye kwimpahla yokubuyisela, nto leyo evakala ifanelekile de uqonde ukuba ezo zikhongozeli zazibuyela zingenanto kwaye ilori nganye yayinokufaka izikhongozeli eziqinileyo ezingama-24 kuphela. Izibalo zazimbi kakhulu: i-$9,120 ngosuku kwimpahla yokubuyisela, okanye i-$2.28 yezigidi ngonyaka—ukuze nje kuthuthwe izikhongozeli ezingenanto zibuyele apho zivela khona.

Sizitshintshele kwizikhongozeli ezigoqekayo ezinomlinganiselo wokuwa we-5:1. Ngoku ilori nganye ebuyayo ithwala izikhongozeli ezili-110 eziwileyo endaweni yeziqinileyo ezingama-24. Umthwalo obuyayo wehle waya kwi-$0.85 kwisikhongozeli ngasinye—ngesikhongozeli ngasinye, kungekhona ngelori nganye. Kuba iindleko zokubuyela umva zehle ukusuka kwi-$3.80 ukuya kwi-$0.85 ngesikhongozeli ngasinye, inkcitho yabo yonyaka yokuthutha impahla yehle ukusuka kwi-$2.28 yezigidi ukuya kwi-$510,000. Oko kuthetha ukuba yi-$1.77 yezigidi kwimali eyongiweyo yonyaka evela kutshintsho loyilo lwesikhongozeli.

Ingxaki yeNdleko yokubuyisela engenanto: Ukulinganisa ingxaki

Ngaphambi kokuba sixoxe ngesisombululo, kufuneka sichaze ngqo ingxaki. Ingxaki yeendleko zokubuyisa imali engenanto kwi-logistics engaphaya kwemida ayisiyongxaki nje encinci—yingxaki yesakhiwo ethintele iinkampani ezininzi ekubeni zamkele iinkqubo zokupakisha ezinokubuyiselwa.

Kutheni iReturn Logistics ibiza kakhulu

Iindleko zokubuyisela izinto ziqhutywa zizinto ezintathu:

• Uxinano lomthwalo olungalinganiyo: Izikhongozeli ezilayishiweyo eziya kwizityalo ze-OEM zimalunga okanye ziphantse zibe nobunzima obukhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetyhubhu. Izikhongozeli ezingenanto ezibuyela umva zimalunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-5-15%—iilori zihlawulwa ngumthwalo, hayi yisikhongozeli.
• Ireyithi yokubuya esisigxinaUhambo lokubuya kufuneka lwenzeke ngexesha elimiselweyo ukuze kuzaliseke umphako weekhonteyina kwindawo oya kuyo. Awunakulinda ithuba "lokubuyela umva" xa iikhonteyina zakho zingenanto kwindawo yokuthenga yomthengi.
• Iiprimiyamu eziwela imida: Ukuwela imida yamazwe ngamazwe kongeza i-$150-$400 kwilori nganye kwiindleko zokucubungula imida, amaxwebhu erhafu, kunye neeprimiyamu zokuthwala abantu abanamava okusebenzisa iindlela zamazwe ngamazwe.

Kuba ezi zinto zintathu zidityaniswe zenza uhambo olungenanto lokubuyela ekhaya lubize kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso lezikhongozeli ezithuthwayo., indawo yokuphumelela kwezoqoqosho zokupakisha ezinokubuyiselwa itshintsha kakhulu xa kubandakanywa izinto zokubuyisela. Ababoneleli abavavanya ukupakisha okubuyiselweyo ngokusekelwe kwimpahla ephumayo yodwa babala iindleko ezipheleleyo ngocwangco.

Amanani: Indlela enqumla imida yaseMexico-US

Makhe ndikunike amanani okwenyani avela kwindlela enqumla umda waseMexico-US emele isiseko sabathengi bethu:

Icandelo leendleko	Isikhongozeli Esiqinileyo	Isitya Esisongekayo (5:1)	Ukonga ngesikhongozeli ngasinye
Imithwalo ephumayo (elayishiweyo)	$2.40/isitya	$2.40/isitya	$0
Impahla ebuyayo (engenanto)	$3.80/isitya	$0.85/isitya	$2.95
Imirhumo yokuwela imida	$0.18/isitya	$0.04/isitya	$0.14
Isimbuku ngohambo ngalunye olujikelezayo	$6.38	$3.29	$3.09 (48%)
Yonyaka (izikhongozeli ezili-120 ngosuku)	$2,280,240	$1,175,640	$1,104,600

Kuba icandelo lokuthutha impahla elibuyayo lelona liqhuba iindleko eziphambili, inzuzo yesikhongozeli esigoqekayo phantse iqhutywa ngokupheleleyo kukusebenza kakuhle kohambo lokubuya. Kwiindlela apho umgama wokubuya umde okanye ubunzima bomthwalo buphantsi, inzuzo icaca ngakumbi.

Ukuqonda i-Collapse Ratio: Inkcazo ephambili

Umlinganiselo wokuwa yeyona nkcazelo ibalulekileyo kwiikhonteyina ezisongekayo kwi-logistics ewela imida. Nantsi indlela yokuyiqonda nokuyivavanya:

Oko Kuthethwa Yi-Collapse Ratio

Umlinganiselo wokugoba ngumlinganiselo wobude bokusebenza kwesikhongozeli ukuya kubude baso obugobileyo. Isikhongozeli esinobude bokusebenza obuyi-1,200mm kunye nobude obugobileyo obuyi-240mm sinomlinganiselo wokugoba ongu-5:1.

Kuba umlinganiselo wokuwa umisela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zingaphi izikhongozeli ezilingana nelori yokubuyisela, yeyona nto iphambili ekuqhubeni uqoqosho lwezothutho lokubuyisela impahla. Ukuphuculwa kwe-1:1 nganye kwi-collapse ratio kunciphisa iindleko zokuthutha impahla ngo-40-50% kwisitya ngasinye.

Ithini iNqanaba Elihle Lokudilika Kwezinto Ezihambayo?

Kwizicelo eziwela imida, sicebisa ubuncinane umlinganiselo wokudilika we-4:1. Nantsi indlela yokwahlulahlula okusebenzayo:

• Umlinganiselo we-3:1: Inokusongeka kancinci. Inganciphisa iindleko zokubuyisela kodwa ukonga kuncinci. Ngokwesiqhelo i-4:1 inokufezekiswa ngoyilo lwangoku—nantoni na engaphantsi kwe-4:1 ayithethi ukuba intlawulo ifanelekile.
• Umlinganiselo we-4:1: Ubuncinane obucetyiswayo bokuwela imida. Ifikelela kunciphiso lwama-60-65% kwimithwalo ebuyayo kwisikhongozeli ngasinye. Isemgangathweni kwiikhongozeli ezininzi ezisongekayo kwimizi-mveliso.
• Umlinganiselo we-5:1: Eyona ilungileyo kwiikhonteyina eziqhelekileyo ze-1200×1000mm. Ifezekisa ukwehla kwe-75-80% kwimithwalo ebuyayo. Iinkcukacha zethu ezisemgangathweni zeenkqubo ezinqumla imida.
• Umlinganiselo we-6:1+: Ifumaneka kwiindlela ezikhethekileyo ezigoqekayo kakhulu, kodwa ezi zihlala ziphazamisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo okanye ukuhambelana kwe-MHE. Ngokuqhelekileyo asicebisi i-6:1+ kwiindlela zokusebenza zeemoto ngaphandle kokuba kukho imiqathango ethile efunekayo.

Indlela iCollapse Ratio eguqulelwa ngayo kwiTruck Loading

Ukusebenzisa itreyila eqhelekileyo yase-US engama-53-foot njengesalathiso:

• Izikhongozeli eziqinileyo (azisongwanga): Izikhongozeli ezingama-24 kwilori nganye (e-1 iphezulu, ezi-4 ububanzi, ezi-6 ubunzulu)
• Izikhongozeli ezisongekayo ze-3:1: Izikhongozeli ezingama-72 kwilori nganye (ezi-3 ziphezulu, ezi-4 ububanzi, ezi-6 ubunzulu)
• Izikhongozeli ezisongekayo ze-4:1: Izikhongozeli ezingama-96 kwilori nganye (ezi-4 ziphezulu, ezi-4 zibanzi, ezi-6 zinzulu)
• Izikhongozeli ezisongekayo ze-5:1: Izikhongozeli ezili-120 kwilori nganye (ezi-5 ziphezulu, ezi-4 ububanzi, ezi-6 ubunzulu)

Kuba iindleko zokuthutha ngesikhongozeli ngasinye zibalwa ngokwahlula imithwalo iyonke yelori ngenani leekhongozeli ezikhwelayoUkusuka kwiikhonteyina eziqinileyo ezingama-24 ukuya kwiikhonteyina ezisongekayo ezili-120 kwilori nganye kunciphisa iindleko zokuthutha ngekhonteyina nganye ngama-80%—ngaphambi kokuba kubalwe iifizi zokuwela umda ezimiselweyo ezihlawulwa kwiiyunithi ezininzi.

Itekhnoloji: Indlela Ezisebenza Ngayo Izikhongozeli Zanamhlanje Ezigoqekayo

Ndifuna ukujongana nenkxalabo endiyiva rhoqo kubaphathi bezothutho: "Ngaba indlela yokugoba ayizukusilela? Ngaba ezi zikhongozeli azizukwaphuka ngokukhawuleza kunezo ziqinileyo?" Ezi yayiziinkxalabo ezifanelekileyo ngeekhongozeli ezigoqekayo zesizukulwana sokuqala ukususela kwiminyaka yoo-1990 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000. Izikhongozeli zanamhlanje ezigoqekayo ezivela kubavelisi abaziwayo ziye zajongana nezi ngxaki ngokupheleleyo.

Itekhnoloji yeHinge

Indlela yokugoba kwiikhonteyina zanamhlanje ezisongwayo isebenzisa enye yeendlela ezimbini:

• Ihinji ephilayo (i-PP okanye i-HDPE eneqhekeza elinye): Lonke udonga olusecaleni lugoba ecaleni kwicandelo elincinci elibunjwe njengenxalenye yesikhongozeli ngokwaso. Akukho zixhobo zehinge ezahlukeneyo eziza kusilela. Ziqhelekile kwiindlela ezigobayo ezingabizi kakhulu. Ukuqina: Imijikelo yokugoba engama-500-800 ngaphambi kokudinwa okubonakalayo.
• Ihinji yenylon eqinisiweyo okanye i-polymer: Izinto ezidityanisiweyo zehinge (ngokuqhelekileyo i-nylon eqiniswe ngeglasi okanye i-PP ene-durometer ephezulu) zibunjwa ngaphezulu okanye zifakwe kwi-fold joint. Ibonelela ngokumelana nokudinwa okuphezulu. Ukuqina: Imijikelo yokugoba eyi-1,500-3,000. Inkcazo yethu esemgangathweni yezicelo zeemoto.
• Ihinji eqiniswe ngesinyithi: Iiphini zentsimbi okanye zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zifakwe kwijoyinti egoqwayo. Ukuqina okuphezulu. Ukuqina: Imijikelo yokugoqwa eyi-3,000-5,000. Isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezinzima (ii-axle racks, ii-cradles zenjini).

Kuba abathengi bethu beemoto badla ngokufuna imijikelo yokugoba engama-800-1,200 ngonyaka kwisikhongozeli ngasinye (umjikelo wokubuya weveki, iiveki ezingama-50 ngonyaka), ubuncinci bemijikelo eli-1,500 esibucebisayo bugubungela iminyaka emi-2-3 yenkonzo ngaphambi kokuba kufuneke ukuhlolwa kweehinge—ngokuthelekisa namaxesha okugcinwa kwesikhongozeli esiqinileyo.

Ukunyaniseka kwesakhiwo xa kusongiwe

Enye into exhalabisayo ngezikhongozeli ezisongwayo kukuba ingaba isakhiwo esiwileyo sigcina ukuqina okwaneleyo ukuze sibekwe ngokukhuselekileyo na. Izikhongozeli zanamhlanje ezisongwayo zisebenzisa iindlela zokuzibamba ngokuzenzekelayo ezivala isikhongozeli kwindawo esongiweyo:

• Ilatshi yomgangatho ezenzekelayo: Umgangatho wesikhongozeli ubopha ngokuzenzekelayo ithebhu yokutshixa xa iindonga ezisecaleni zigoba, nto leyo ethintela ukuvuleka ngengozi ngexesha lokuthuthwa kokubuya.
• Izikhokelo zokubeka izinto ngokweempahla: Izikhongozeli ezisongiweyo zidityaniswa ngee-stacking rails, zenza ulungelelwaniso oluzinzileyo oludibeneyo lokuthutha ukubuya.
• Uyilo olukhuselekileyo lwe-RFID: Ithegi ye-RFID ifakwe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo (ngesiqhelo kwisiseko okanye kwipali yekona eqinisiweyo) engaxinezelekanga ngexesha lokugoba.

Izisombululo zethu zokuPakisha zangaphakathi zeeNkqubo zeZikhongozeli eziSongwayo

Izikhongozeli ezigoqekayo ziyinxalenye yangaphandle yenkqubo yokupakisha, kodwa ukupakisha kwangaphakathi—iitreyi, izahluli, izixhasi zefoam, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa—kubaluleke ngokulinganayo ekukhuseleni izinto ngexesha lokuhamba. ukupakishwa kwangaphakathi Umgca wemveliso wenzelwe ukuhlanganiswa neenkqubo zesikhongozeli esisongekayo:

• Iitreyi ezenziwe nge-thermoformed ngokwezifiso: Imingxuma echanekileyo ehambelana nejometri zecandelo elithile, kunye neempawu zokulwa nokufuduka ezithintela ukuhamba kwenxalenye ngexesha lokuthuthwa
• Izinto zokufaka i-foam cushioning: I-polyurethane okanye i-polyethylene foam esikiweyo ibe ziikhonteyina zekhonteyina, nto leyo enika ukufunxwa komothuko kwiindawo ezibuthathaka
• Iinkqubo zokwahlulahlula: I-HDPE okanye izahluli ezihlanganisiweyo ezihlela izinto ezincinci ezininzi ngaphakathi komthwalo wesikhongozeli esinye
• Ukupakisha kwangaphakathi okukhuselekileyo kwi-ESD: Izinto eziqhubayo okanye ezichithayo kwiinxalenye ze-elektroniki ngokwe-ANSI/ESD S20.20

Kuba ukhetho lwangaphakathi lokupakisha luchaphazela ukuba zingaphi iindawo ezilingana nesikhongozeli ngasinye kunye nokuba zikhuselekile kangakanani, ukuphucula upakisho lwangaphakathi linyathelo lesibini emva kokukhetha igobolondo langaphandle lesikhongozeli esigoqekayo. Sinikezela ngeenkonzo zoyilo lopakisho oludibeneyo oluphucula zombini izinto ngaxeshanye.

Ukuthobela iMida enqamlezileyo: Iinkqubo ze-ATA Carnet kunye neeBonded Container

Omnye umceli mngeni omangalisa uninzi lwabaphathi bezothutho abasebenzisa iinkqubo zeekhonteyina ezisongwayo eziwela umda kukuphathwa kweekhonteyina ngokwazo. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba iikhonteyina ezibuyiselwayo ziyafaneleka ukuphathwa kweekhonteyina ngokulula phantsi kwezivumelwano ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe.

Unyango lweCarnet ye-ATA

I-ATA Carnet (iSivumelwano se-ATA Carnet sokwamkelwa kweempahla okwethutyana) luxwebhu lwamazwe ngamazwe oluvumela ukungeniswa kweempahla okwethutyana ngaphandle kokuhlawula irhafu kunye nerhafu. Izikhongozeli zokupakisha ezibuyiselwayo ziyafaneleka unyango lwe-ATA Carnet kumazwe amaninzi, oko kuthetha ukuba:

• Akukho rhafu yokungenisa iikhonteyina ezingena kumazwe angaphandle
• Amaxwebhu eenkcubeko alula (iCarnet enye endaweni yokungeniswa kwezithethe ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye)
• Ukwandiswa kwexesha lokungeniswa ngokuzenzekelayo (ngesiqhelo iinyanga ezili-12-18, ezihlaziywayo)

Kuba i-ATA Carnet isusa uxanduva lwentlawulo oluya kufumaneka kwiikhonteyina ezinokubuyiselwa., ukonga iindleko ngokusebenzisa izikhongozeli ezinokubuyiswa xa kuthelekiswa nokupakishwa okusetyenziswa kanye kukhulu ngakumbi kwiimeko ezingaphaya kwemida apho izixhobo zokupakishwa ezisetyenziswa kanye zinokuhlawuliswa irhafu yokungenisa impahla.

Ulawulo lweZinto eziBhaliweyo zeMida yeSithili

Iinkqubo zeekhonteyina ezinqumla imida zifuna uluhlu lwempahla oluyi-buffer kwindawo nganye yokuwela imida ukuze kujongwe izikhewu zexesha lokuhamba. Nantsi indlela yokubala i-buffer esiyicebisayo:

• I-transit buffer: 15-20% yempahla yesikhongozeli esihamba ngendlela enye esithuthwayo nangaliphi na ixesha (izikhongozeli ezikwiilori eziwela umda)
• Isikhuseli sokhuseleko: I-10% yobukhulu beenqwelo-mafutha ezisetyenzisiweyo kwindawo nganye ukujongana nokuguquguquka kwemfuno
• I-buffer iyonke: 25-30% ngaphezulu kwenani elincinci leekhonteyina ezifunekayo ukuze kuqhubeke ukusebenza

Kwiqela leekhonteyina ezili-1,000 ezisebenza ngomjikelo wokunqumla imihla ngemihla, oku kuthetha ukugcina iikhonteyina ezingama-250-300 kwisitokhwe se-buffer yengingqi yomda. Kuba i-buffer inventory imele imali engasebenziyo engancediyo kumsebenzi wokupakisha, indawo yokugcina encinci egoqekileyo yezikhongozeli ezisongwayo inciphisa kakhulu indawo yokugcina impahla efunekayo kwi-buffer inventory—ukusuka kwi-800 sq ft yezikhongozeli eziqinileyo ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-200 sq ft yezikhongozeli ezisongwayo kumlinganiselo we-5:1.

Isiphelo: Izikhongozeli Ezigoqekayo Ngoku Ziyimfuneko Kwiinkqubo Ezibuyiselwayo Ezinqamlezileyo

Uqoqosho lokupakisha okunokubuyiselwa kwemida luye lwaguqulwa bubuchwepheshe beekhonteyina ezisongwayo. Ngo-2020, ingxaki yeendleko zokubuyisela yenze iinkqubo zokupakisha ezinokubuyiselwa zibe ncinci okanye zibe mbi kwizicelo ezininzi ezinqumla imida. Namhlanje, njengoko amazinga okuthutha impahla angaphezulu kwe-25-35% kwaye ubuchwepheshe beekhonteyina ezisongwayo bubonakaliswe kwiindlela ezingamakhulu ezigidi zokujikeleza, uqoqosho luyamangalisa phantse kuzo zonke izicelo ezinqumla imida ezinee-return loops ezingaphezulu kwe-500km.

Ngenxa yokuba ukuncitshiswa kwama-60-75% kwiindleko zokuthutha ezibuyiselwayo ezivumela izikhongozeli ezisongekayo kutshintsha i-total cost equation ukusuka "kwi-barry not reasonable" ukuya "kwi-naturally superiority"Ndilindele ukuba izikhongozeli ezigoqekayo zibe lukhetho oluqhelekileyo lokupakisha iimoto eziwela imida ngo-2028.

Ukuba okwangoku usebenzisa izikhongozeli eziqinileyo ezinokubuyiswa kwindlela enqumla umda, ndicebisa kakhulu ukuba ucele uvavanyo lwesikhongozeli esigoqekayo. Ukuguqulwa kudla ngokufuna umjikelo omnye wemveliso ukuze kuqinisekiswe, kwaye imali egciniweyo iqala ukuqokelelwa ngoko nangoko. Iqela lethu lezothutho eliwela imida lingakunika uthelekiso oluthile lweendleko zendlela yakho zingadlulanga iintsuku ezi-5 zokusebenza emva kokufumana idatha yakho yezothutho.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Yintoni ingxaki yeendleko zokubuyisa imali ezingenanto kwi-logistics engaphaya kwemida?

Iindleko zokubuyisa ezingenanto zenzeka xa izikhongozeli zibuyela kwindawo ezazisuka kuyo zingenanto okanye zingasetyenziswa ngokwaneleyo, zongeza i-40-50% kwixabiso lilonke ngohambo ngalunye. Kwimizila enqumla imida, kuba impahla yokubuyisela impahla ingabiza i-$1.80-$4.50 nge-CBM nganye nokuba ayinanto, ingxaki yokubuyisa izinto ezingenanto yeyona nto iphambili ekusetyenzisweni kokupakisha okunokubuyiselwa. Izikhongozeli ezigoqekayo ezinomlinganiselo wokuwa we-4:1+ zinciphisa iindleko zokuthutha izinto ezibuyayo ngama-60-75% ngokuvumela iiyunithi eziphindwe kathathu ukuya kwezihlanu ngelori nganye yokubuyisa izinto.

Yeyiphi ireyithi yokuwa endifanele ndiyijonge kwiikhonteyina ezisongekayo zokuhambisa izinto eziwela umda?

Sicebisa ubuncinane umlinganiselo wokuwa we-4:1 kwiimpahla eziwela umda. Umlinganiselo we-5:1 uthetha ukuba iilori ezibuyayo zinokuthwala izikhongozeli ezininzi ngokuphindwe kahlanu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela eziqinileyo, nto leyo enciphisa umthwalo wokubuya ngesikhongozeli ngasinye ngama-75-80%. Kuba ukuphuculwa kwe-1:1 nganye kwi-collapse ratio kunciphisa iindleko zokuthutha impahla ngokumalunga ne-40-50%, umahluko phakathi kwe-3:1 kunye ne-5:1 yi-$2.00-$3.00 ngesikhongozeli ngasinye ngohambo lokubuya kwiindlela ezininzi.

Iikhonteyina ezisongekayo zithelekiswa njani neekhonteyina eziqinileyo xa kujongwa iindleko zobunini bazo?

Izikhongozeli ezigoqekayo zibiza ngaphezulu nge-25-40% ngeyunithi nganye kodwa zibonelela ngeendleko zokuthutha eziphantsi nge-60-75%. Uhlalutyo lwethu lwe-TCO kuzo zonke iindawo zokusasazwa kwabathengi abangaphezu kwe-180 lubonisa ukuba Izikhongozeli ezisongwayo zifumana imbuyekezo kwiinyanga ezi-5-9 xa kuthelekiswa nezikhongozeli eziqinileyo zemixokelelwane yokuhambisa impahla enqumla imida enezijikelezo zokubuyisela ngaphezulu kohambo oluya nokubuya oluyi-800kmKwimijikelo emifutshane engaphantsi kwe-500km, izikhongozeli eziqinileyo zisenokonga imali eninzi.

Zithini izinto ezinokubangela ukuqina kwezikhongozeli ezisongekayo?

Izikhongozeli zanamhlanje ezisongwayo ezisebenzisa i-HDPE okanye i-PP ezibunjwe ngenaliti zifikelela kubomi benkonzo beminyaka emi-4-6 kunye nemijikelo yokusongwa engama-800-1,200, efana nezikhongozeli eziqinileyo. Indlela yokusongwa yeyona nto iphambili ekufuneka ihlale ixesha elide—khangela izikhongozeli ezineehinji eziqinisiweyo (i-nylon eqinisiweyo ngesinyithi okanye i-polymer ephezulu ye-durometer) ezivavanywe ukuya kuthi ga kwimijikelo engaphezu kwe-1,500. Kuba uyilo lwesizukulwana sokuqala lwasilela kwimijikelo engama-200-300, qinisekisa idatha yovavanyo lomjikelo womenzi ngaphambi kokuba uthenge.

Ndingayilawula njani inqwelo yeekhonteyina ezisongwayo kwiindawo ezininzi zokuwela imida?

Ulawulo lweenqanawa zeekhonteyina ngaphesheya kwemida lufuna: ukulandelwa kwe-RFID kwiindawo zokungena nezokuphuma, iinkqubo zeekhonteyina ezibotshelelweyo phantsi kwe-ATA Carnet okanye enye into efanayo, uluhlu lwempahla oluhlala kwindawo nganye (ngesiqhelo yi-15-20% ngaphezu kobukhulu beenqwelo-moya obuphantsi), kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwendlela yokubuyela kunye namaqabane ezothutho. Kuba sinikezela ngeenkqubo zolawulo lweenqanawa zeekhonteyina ezisingatha zonke izinto ezine, ubunzima bokusebenza bulawulwa njengenkonzo elawulwayo endaweni yokuba ngumthwalo wangaphakathi wezothutho.